Keturunan jenderal sudirman
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As a national hero, the biography of General Sudirman has been extensively written. Like other biographical works, most of Sudirman’s biographies are concluded with his death. However, as a grand figure, Sudirman’s departure left empty spaces that prompted people to commemorate him. The commemorations did not only serve melancholic but rather pragmatic purposes. Shortly after he passed away in 1950, the Indonesian army began to narrate Sudirman’s death as a method to unite the divided officer corps. Although Sudirman was a Japanese-trained officer, he managed to maintain peaceful relations between Indonesian officers who received training under the Dutch (KNIL) and the Japanese (PETA) military. Although he has passed away, the army remained to utilize his “post-mortem” influence to mediate the peaked conflict between two factions. “Bringing Sudirman into alive” successfully ended the KNIL-PETA friction but was unable to prevent the follow-up conflict. Sukarno and Suharto also utilized Sudirman’s name to pursue their respective political interests. Sukarno positioned Sudirman as th
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Suharto
President of Indonesia from 1967 to 1998
In this Indonesian name, there is no family name nor a patronymic.
Suharto[b][c] (8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian military officer and politician, who served as the second and longest serving president of Indonesia.
Suharto's presidency and legacy is highly divisive. Widely regarded as a military dictator by international observers, Suharto led Indonesia as an authoritarian regime from 1967 until his resignation in 1998 following nationwide unrest.[3][4][5] His 31-year rule over Indonesia is considered one of the most controversial in the 20th century: due to allegations of corruption and his government's central role to the perpetration of mass killings against communists early in his rule and subsequent discrimination of ethnic Chinese Indonesians, irreligious people, and trade unionists.[6][7][8]
Suharto was born in Kemusuk, near the city of Yogyakarta, during the Dutch colonial era. He grew up in humble circumstances.[ Indonesia is a highly revealing case study for pinpointing both the conditions under which militaries in postcolonial societies intervened in political affairs and the patterns that led to their subsequent marginalization from politics. It also demonstrates how militaries could defend some of their political interests even after they were removed from the highest echelons of power. Emboldened by the war for independence (1945–1949), the Indonesian military used divisions, conflicts, and instabilities in the early postindependence polity to push for an institutionalized role in political institutions. While it was granted such a role in 1959, it used a further deterioration in civilian politics in the early 1960s to take power in 1965. Military intervention in politics in Indonesia, then, has been as much the result of civilian weaknesses as of military ambitions, confirming Finer’s theory on the civilian role in military power quests. Military rule in Indonesia weakened firs
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Indonesia: The Military’s Transformation From Praetorian Ruler to Presidential Coalition Partner
Summary
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