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Svante Arrhenius

Swedish scientist (1859–1927)

Not to be confused with Carl Axel Arrhenius.

Svante August Arrhenius (ə-REE-nee-əs, -⁠RAY-,^[3]^[4]Swedish:[ˈsvânːtɛaˈrěːnɪɵs]; 19 February 1859 – 2 October 1927) was a Swedish scientist. Originally a physicist, but often referred to as a chemist, Arrhenius was one of the founders of the science of physical chemistry. In 1903, he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, becoming the first Swedish Nobel laureate. In 1905, he became the director of the Nobel Institute, where he remained until his death.^[5]

Arrhenius was the first to use the principles of physical chemistry to estimate the extent to which increases in the atmospheric carbon dioxide are responsible for the Earth's increasing surface temperature. His work played an important role in the emergence of modern climate science.^[6] In the 1960s, Charles David Keeling reliably measured the level of carbon dioxide present in the air showing it was increasing and that, according to the greenhouse hypothesis, it was suffici

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In 1903 Svante August Arrhenius (1859–1927) received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his electrolytic theory of dissociation, which states that molecules of acids, bases, and salts dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. He was also an early discoverer of the effects of increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, proposing that air temperatures would rise, a phenomenon he felt would have a positive effect on the chilly climate of Sweden.

Early Theories on Electrolytic Dissociation

Arrhenius was trained in both chemistry and physics. He began at the University of Uppsala, but then petitioned to work at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm instead because he found the chemistry professors at the university rigid and uninspiring.

His doctoral dissertation, presented in 1883, described his experimental work on the electrical conductivity of dilute solutions. It also contained a speculative section that set out an early form of his theory that molecules of acids, bases, and salts dissociate into ions when these substances are dissolved in water—in contrast to th

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Svante Pääbo, a Swedish geneticist who directs the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, was awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for pioneering the extraction and analysis of DNA from ancient bones, above all those of the Neanderthals. Pääbo was born in 1955 and educated through the PhD in Sweden. As a graduate student in medicine and molecular biology at the University of Uppsala, he was intrigued by the idea that ancient tissues might preserve DNA. In a frank and engaging autobiographical memoir (1), he describes his graduate-student attempts to detect DNA in Egyptian mummies. At first, he thought that he was successful (2), but he later realized that what he observed could have been recent contaminant, not authentic ancient, DNA (3). Like Pääbo’s initial effort, other early searches for ancient DNA did not consider the possibility; even the likelihood that contamination from handling, packaging, or the lab environment would overwhelm any genuine ancient DNA and produce a seemingly positive but misleading result. Possible con